Comparative characteristics of symptoms in neurotic and affective patients after COVID-19
Background. COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected people’s mental health and created new barriers for those who have already suffered from mental illnesses. Objective. The aim of the study was to compare the symptoms of mental disorders in neurotic and affective patients, who recovered from COVID-19. Methods. The features of disorders during the pandemic in 35 neurotic and 31 affective patients were analysed. The Hamilton anxiety and depression scales (HAM-A, HAM-D), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Schulte tables, Jacobson short-term memory study were used. Results. Moderate and severe anxiety was more likely to develop in neurotic patients (34.29% and 37.14%, respectively), mild and moderate – in affective ones (38.71% and 32.26%). Neurotic patients had a higher level of depression (moderate – by 31.42%, severe – by 48.57%) than affective patients (mild – by 32.26%, severe – by 35.48%). The degree of memory loss was higher in affective patients (51.62% – low, 35.48% – very low) than in neurotic ones (41.94% – low, 20.00% – very low). Most of patients had reduced attention. Insomnia severity was higher in patients with neurotic disorders (25.72% – subthreshold, 45.71% – moderate) than in affective patients (38.71% – subthreshold, 22.58% – moderate). A higher level of anxiety and depression severity was observed in patients who had COVID-19 in 2021 than in those who had it in 2020, while the severity of insomnia and memory impairment – vice versa. Conclusion. Anxiety, depression, insomnia, memory and attention loss were detected. Anxiety and depression were more severe in neurotic patients but the degree of memory loss was higher in affective patients
pandemic, mental health, depression, anxiety, insomnia
https://doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2022.2.13123[1] Jansen van Vuren E, Steyn SF, Brink CB, et al. The neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19: Interactions with psychiatric illness and pharmacological treatment. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;135:111200. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111200.
[2] Baker HA, Safavynia SA, Evered LA. The ’third wave’: impending cognitive and functional decline in COVID-19 survivors. Br J Anaesth. 2021;126(1):44-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.09.045.
[3] Ferrando SJ, Klepacz L, Lynch S, et al. COVID-19 psychosis: a potential new neuropsychiatric condition triggered by novel coronavirus infection and the inflammatory response? Psychosomatics. 2020;61(5):551-5. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.012.
[4] Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Jul;7(7):611-27. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0.
[5] Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, et al. Psychosocial impact of covid-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14(5):779-88. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035.
[6] Mazereel V, Van Assche K, Detraux J, et al. COVID-19 vaccination for people with severe mental illness: why, what, and how? Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(5):444–50. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30564-2.
[7] Nemani K, Li C, Olfson M, et al. Association of psychiatric disorders with mortality among patients with COVID-19. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(4):380–38. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4442.
[8] Lee SW, Yang JM, Moon SY, et al. Association between mental illness and COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(12):1025–31. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30421-1.
[9] Maruta NA, Markova MV, Kozhyna HM, et al. Psychological Factors and Consequences of Psychosocial Stress During the Pandemic. Wiadomości Lekarskie, 2021; LXXIV 9(1):2175-82. doi: 10.36740/WLek202109126.